Which theory describes the teacher as the determinant of contingencies of reinforcement?

Which theory describes the teacher as the determinant of contingencies of reinforcement?

• A. Behaviorism
• B. Constructivism
• C. Cognitivism
• D. Humanism

Answer: (A)

Behaviorism centers on observable behavior and asserts that learning occurs when the environment provides predictable consequences for actions. In the classroom, the teacher designs reinforcement contingencies—rewards or punishments that follow specific behaviors—to shape future behavior. Because these contingencies are controlled by the teacher, learning is driven by external reinforcement rather than the learner’s internal reasoning. Other theories focus on how learners think, construct knowledge through experience, or are motivated by intrinsic factors, rather than the deliberate control of reinforcement by the teacher.

Behaviorism centers on observable behavior and asserts that learning occurs when the environment provides predictable consequences for actions. In the classroom, the teacher designs reinforcement contingencies—rewards or punishments that follow specific behaviors—to shape future behavior. Because these contingencies are controlled by the teacher, learning is driven by external reinforcement rather than the learner’s internal reasoning. Other theories focus on how learners think, construct knowledge through experience, or are motivated by intrinsic factors, rather than the deliberate control of reinforcement by the teacher.